Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"

Teoria dei giochi in forma normale e in forma estesa, concetti di soluzione. Analisi della collusione, teorie dell’impresa, regolamentazione del monopolio.

• Recommended reading:
o Bruce L., Editor, Cases in European Competition Policy: The Economic Analysis, Cambridge
o * Motta, M., Competition Policy: Theory and Practice, Cambridge
o Kwoka J. And L. White Editors, The Antitrust Revolution: Economic, Competition and Policy, 5th Edition, Oxford (and the companion website for more cases http://www.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780195322972/?view=usa
o * Iossa Elisabetta and Martimort David, “The Simple Micro-Economics of Public Private Partnerships, CEIS Discussion Papers, 139, 2013
• * More resources on Competition Case studies are available on the websites of the Competition Commission in the UK and the Office of Fair Trading in the UK:
o http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/
o http://www.oft.gov.uk
o
(*) Denotes essential reading

• Lecture slides, exercises and other materials are available on the Lecturer’s website

1. Introduction to data mining. Tools for data analysis, visualisation and description.
2. The linear regression model.
3.Model selection and evaluation: bias-variance trade-off, model complexity and goodness of t. Cross-validation. Selection using information criteria.
4. Regularization and shrinkage methods: rigde regression, lasso,
forward stagewise regression. Principal components regression.
5. Linear methods for classication: Bayes Classication Rule.
Discriminant analysis. Canonical variates.
6. Linear methods for classication: logistic regression.
7. Semiparametric regression: Regression splines and smoothing
splines.
8. Kernel smoothing methods: Local polynomial regression.
Density estimation. Nearest neighbor classication.
9. Additive Models, tree-based methods. GAM, Regression and
classication trees. Boosting.

Il principale libro di riferimento è
T Hastie, R Tibshirani and J Friedman. The Elements of StatisticalLearning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, Second Edition. Springer, Springer Series in Statistics, 2009.

Website: http://www-stat.stanford.edu/ElemStatLearn/

Il docente mette a disposizione sul sito web del corso: lucidi delle lezioni, letture suggerite, datasetse materiale supplementare (script di Matlab, R e SAS).

Altri riferimenti utili:
- W.N. Venables and B.D. Ripley, Modern applied statistics with S, 4th ed., Springer Series in Statistics, 2002
- D. Hand, H Mannila and P. Smyth, Principles of Data Mining, MIT Press, 2001
- R O Duda, P E Hart and D G Stork. Pattern Classication, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
- P-N Tan, M Steinback and V Kumar. Introduction to DataMining. Addison-Wesley.

- processi di voto;
- competizione elettorale;
- partiti;
- modelli di agenzia applicati alla politica;
- burocrazia;
- alcune applicazioni all’Unione Europea

Sito web del corso con: slide delle singole lezioni, articoli, links ad altre risorse disponibili online

Part I – A new polity and its constitutional principles
1. The ‘birth’ of a new polity
• the Schuman Plan (May 9, 1950)
• the Treaty of Paris (excerpt)
2. A ‘legal order of a new kind’ and its constitutional principles
• direct effect: ECJ, Case 26/62, Van Gend en Loos
• primacy of EC law: ECJ, Case 6/64, Costa v Enel
• a Union of States and citizens: Article 6 TEU
• background reading: A. Stone Sweet & T. Brunell, Constructing a Supranational Constitution (1999)

Part II – The economic constitution of the EU
3. The free movement of goods
• Quantitative restrictions and measures of equivalent effect: ECJ, Case 8/74, Dassonville
• Other measures of equivalent effect: ECJ, C-265/95 Commission v France – Angry Farmers
• Public policy justifications: ECJ, Case 120/78, Cassis de Dijon
• Background reading: J.H.H. Weiler, The Constitution of the Single Market,
4. A common market for all
• Definition of subordinated work: ECJ, Case 66/85 Lawrie Blum
• Free movement of workers and public administrations: ECJ, Case C-173/94
• An equal pay for men and women: ECJ, Case 149/77, Defrenne
• The rights of family members: Directive 2004/38
5. The right of establishment for professionals
• Professionals and their qualification: ECJ, Case C-55/94, Gebhardt
• Sportive organizations and their limits: ECJ, C-415/93 Bosman
6. From the common to the single market
• The concept of single market: ECJ, Case C-378/97, Wijsenbeck
• A highly competitive social market economy: Article 3 TEU
• The European economic area: Regulation n. n. 717/2007 concerning roaming
7. Market economy and free competition: the antitrust policy
• Regulation n. 1/2003
• Contrasting anti-competitive practices: GC, Case T-167/08, Commission v Microsoft
8. From “negative” to “positive” integration
• A positive harmonization: ECJ, Case C-376/98, Germany v. European Parliament and Council (tobacco advertising I)
• “Positive” integration and conflicting interests: ECJ, Cases C-14/00, Commission v Italy and C-47/09, Commission v Italy
9. The EU and the choice of national law
• Equivalence of national rules: ECJ, Case 120/78, Cassis de Dijon
• The choice of law: ECJ, Case C-212/97, Centros
10. The EU and the WTO
• Limits to direct effect : ECJ, Case C-377/02, Léon Van Parys NV Belgisch Interventie- en Restitutiebureau (BIRB)
• OGM and public health: ECJ, Case C-236/01, Monsanto v. Italy

Part 3 - The European administration and European law
11. A European administration
• The Commission and EU agencies
• The ‘global’ effects of antitrust decisions: CFI, Case T-209/01, Honeywell International v. Commission
12. The European administration and the use of force
• ECJ, Joined cases 46/87 & 227/88, Hoechst v. Commission
• CFI, Case T-66/99, Minoan v. Commission
• EC Regulation n. 1/2003
13. From the European administration to administrative law: common principles of administrative law
• the Algera Case before the ECJ (joined cases 7/56, 3/57, 7/57)
• background reading: T. Koopmans, The Birth of European Law at the Cross-roads of Legal Traditions, 39 Am. J. Comp. L., 493 (1991)
14. A Community based on the rule of law
• ECJ, Case 294/83, Parti écologiste "Les Verts" v European Parliament
• background reading: P. Craig, EU Administrative Law, pp. 270-78; 284
15. The European Union and due process of law
• ECJ, Case 17/74, Transocean Marine Paint Association v Commission
• procedural safeguards against government in anti-terrorism disputes: the opinion of AG Maduro in the Kadi Case (C-402/05) and the ruling of the Court of Justice
16. Fundamental rights in the legal order of the EU
• Recognizing fundamental rights: ECJ, Case 11-70, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft
• TEU, Article 6, and Charter of Fundamental rights, Article 41
• Fundamental rights as limits to market freedoms: ECJ, Case C-36/02, Omega Spielhallen und Automatenaufstellung-Gmbh v. Oberburgermeisterin der Bundesstaat Bonn.
17. The “encadrement communautaire” of national policies – public finances and the euro
• TEU, Articles 119-133
• the Stability and Growth Pact: Regulation n. 1466/1997 and Case C-27/04, Commission v. Council
• President of the ECB, letter to the Italian Prime Minister, August 2011
• background reading: Craig, EU Administrative Law, pp. 191-233
18. The Euro-area and differentiated integration
• Maastricht clauses for opting-in
• The Fiscal Compaq
19. Liberalizing public services: the case of telecommunications
• directive 2002/21
• the prohibition of discrimination: ECJ, Joined Cases C-292 and 293/01, Albacom and Infostrada v. MEF
• the powers and duties of national regulators: ECJ, Case C 380/05, Centro Europa 7 Srl
• background reading: G. Napolitano, Towards a European Legal Order for Services of General Economic Interest (2005)
20. New issues and perspectives - from mutual recognition to the choice of (public) law
• ECJ, Case C 329/06, Wiedemann
• ECJ, Case C-109/91, Akrich

Course materials
a) C. Barnard, The Substantive Law of the EU (Oxford University Press, 2010)
b) P. Craig, EU Administrative Law (Oxford University Press, 2006; 2nd. edition 2011 forthcoming)
c) Introductory and background reading provided
d) a selection of documents (including political documents, acts containing rules, judgments and academic studies), which are useful to understand the dynamics and the effects of European integration in the administrative sphere (see infra § 5);
e) the Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European (“TEU”), of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”), and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (“CFR”), available at the website http://eur-lex.europa.eu/it/treaties/index.htm .

Further reading
For an outline of EC/EU law, see P.Craig & G. de Burça, EU Law. Text, Cases and Materials, Clarendon, 2007, 4th ed.
The following books can be particularly useful to the course: C. Harlow, Accountability in the European Union (Oxford University Press, 2003); H. Hofman and A. Turk (eds.), EU Administrative Governance (Edward Elgar, 2006); G Majone Dilemmas of European Integration: The Ambiguities and Pitfalls of by Stealth (Oxford University Press, 2008); A. Stone Sweet, The Judicial Construction of Europe (Oxford University Press, 2004); J.H.H. Weiler, The Constitution of Europe (Cambridge University Press, 1999). Reading these books is particularly important for all the students who wish to write their thesis in this field.
The most important periodicals in English language, are:
• Columbia Journal of European Law
• Common Market Law Review
• European Law Review
• European Law Journal
• European Public Law

SYLLABUS
(Cases and readings followed by* are not compulsory).

PART I - Introduction

Lecture 1
Competition and regulation: where does the dichotomy come from
The foundations of EU competition law: the three instruments for the common market
The evolution of EU competition law and policy
The need for regulation
The result: Deutsche Telekom

PART II – Substantive rules

Lecture 2
Market definition
Product market - Case 27/76, United Brands
Geographical market
Supply substitutability – Case 6/72 Continental Can vs. Commission
Commission notice on the definition of relevant Market for the purposes of Community competition law
Case study
Case 27/76, United Brands
Case 6/72 Continental Can vs. Commission
Relevant legislation

Lecture 3
Restrictive practices
Art. 101 TUE
Case C-73/95- Viho Europe vs. Commission
Case C-519/04 Meca Medina
Vertical agreements Joined Cases 54 and 58/64 Consten and Grundig vs Commission
Case C-49/92 –Commission vs Anic Partecipazioni Spa*
Case C-3/01 – Commission vs Bayer*


Lecture 4
Abuse of dominant position

Art. 102 TUE
Specific abuses:
Non-pricing practices
Refusal to supply (cases 6/73 and 7/73, Commercial Solvents; C-7/97 Oscar Bronner; C-53/03 Syfait*)
Refusal to licence intellectual property rights (C-241/91 and 242/91, Magill*; C-418/01, IMS*; T-201/04 Microsoft)
Tying (Microsoft)

Lecture 5
Abuse of dominant position II
Pricing practices
Exploitative pricing (case 27/76, United Brands)
Rebates: loyalty, quantity and target rebates (T- 219/99, on appeal C-95/04, British Airways*)
Predatory pricing (C-62/86, AKZO; T-340/03, Wanadoo*, T340/03 France Telecom vs Commission)
Guidance on the Commission’s enforcement priorities in applying Article 82 (EC) to abusive exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings

Lecture 6
Mergers
Horizontal and vertical mergers
Community control of concentrations between undertakings
Regulation 139/2004
Relevant case-law:
T-102/96, Gencor (collective dominant position);
T-342/99, Airtours/First Choice; (non-collusive oligopoly);
T-5/02, on appeal C-12/03, Tetra Laval (conglomerate mergers);
T-210/01, GE/Honeywell (vertical mergers and exclusionary effects).

PART III – Procedure and competences
Lecture 7
Procedural profiles
Enforcement of EU competition law
Public enforcement -Regulation 1/2003 -The “Modernisation package”
Private enforcement - cases C-453/99, Courage vs. Crehan; C- 295/04 to C-298/04, Manfredi
White Paper on Damages Actions for Breach of the EC antitrust rules – COM (2008) 165
On competences between National authorities and the Commission
On the European competition network
On competences between National courts and the ECJ
Materials
Commission Notice on cooperation within the Network of Competition Authorities
(2004/C 101/03)

PART IV - State Aids

Lecture 8
State aids
(art. 107 TFEU)
The objective of State aid control
State aid in the form of public service compensation
Cases: State aids-Austria
The legal framework:
rules on procedure: notification (Reg. 659/99 and Commission Regulation 794/2004) and recovery (Commission notice of 25.10.2007);
de minimis aids: Commission Regulation 1998/2006;
block exemption regulations: small and medium enterprises (Commission Regulation 70/2001)*; training aid (Commission Regulation 68/2001)*; employment aid (Commission Regulation 2204/2002)*;
horizontal rules: Community Guidelines on regional aid, research and development and innovation aid, environmental aid, rescue and restructuring aid*;
sector-specific legislation: ex. cinematographic and other audiovisual works, postal services, shipbuilding*
State aids in times of crisis
State aid action plan 2005-2009 (COM (2005) 107)*
Temporary framework for State aid measures to support access to finance in the current financial and economic crisis (Commission communications of 17.12.2008 and 15.12.2009)*
Commission 2009 C 83/01
Commission 2011 C 386/02

PART V – Sectors regulation

Lecture 9
The origin
Article 106 TFEU
Infringement of Article 102 in conjunction with Article 106(1):
- case C-320/91, Corbeau
Sectors

Lecture 10
A focus on
The liberalization rules for the EU electronic communications and railways
Directive 91/440
Directive 2009/136/EC and Directive 2009/140/EC

PART VI – The evolution

Lecture 11
The interplay between competition and regulation
Two different conception of Antitrust law and policy
A comparative approach: Deutsche Telekom and Trinko
Case study
Europe: Case T271/03
USA: Supreme Court of the United States Verizon-Trinko*

Lecture 12
Competition and regulation: open issues
The global dimension of European competition law- General electric vs. Honeywell; Basf Ag and Ucb Sa vs. Commission*
Case study
Commission Decision 2004/134/EC 3 July 2001
Case T-209/01
Us Antitrust Division
Materials
ICN-operational framework
The need for regulation at a global level – Financial crisis
Impact of the financial crisis on the enforcement of competition policy.

Textbooks (for consultation)
Whish Richard, Competition law, 6th edition, London, Lexis Nexis, 2008

Recommended
Chalmers D., Monti G., European Union Law. Updating supplement, Cambridge University Press, 2008, p. 153-195
Chalmers D., Hdjiemmanuil C., Monti G., Tomkins A., European Union Law, 2009, p. 927-1153
Craig P., De Burca, EU Law: text and materials, Oxford University Press, 2007, following paragraphs: 25. Competition law: article 81; 26. Competition law: article 82; 27. Competition law: mergers; 28. The state and the common market.

READING MATERIALS:
Introduction
Damien Geradin, Anne Layne-Farrar, Nicolas Petit, EU Competition Law and Economics, Oxford university Press, 2012, Introduction
Article 101 TFEU (ex art. 81 EC Treaty)

Motta Massimo, On cartel deterrence and fines in the European Union, European Competition Law Review 2008, v. 29, n. 4, pp. 209-220
Sandhu Jatinder S., The European Commission’s leniency policy: a success?, European Competition Law Review 2007, v. 28, n. 3, March, pp. 148-157
Walsh Declan J., Carrots and sticks : leniency and fines in EC cartel cases, European Competition Law Review 2009, v. 30, n. 1, p. 30-35

Article 102 TFEU (ex art. 82 EC Treaty)

Apon Jochem, Cases against Microsoft : similar cases, different remedies, European Competition Law Review 2007, v. 28, n. 6, June, pp. 327-336
Howarth David, McMahon Kathryn, “Windows has performed an illegal operation”: the Court of First Instance’s judgment in “Microsoft v Commission”, European Competition Law Review 2008, v. 29, n. 2, pp. 117-134
Kellerbauer Manuel, The Commission’s new enforcement priorities in applying Article 82 EC to dominant companies’ exclusionary conduct : a shift towards a more economic approach?, European Competition Law Review 2010, v. 31, n. 5, p. 175-186
Motta Massimo, The European Commission’s guidance communication on article 82, European Competition Law Review 2009, v. 30, n. 12, p. 593-599
Niels Gunnar, Jenkins Helen, Reform of Article 82: Where the link between dominance and effects breaks down, European Competition Law Review 2005, v. 26, n. 11, pp. 605-610

Enforcement

Gerber David and Cassinis Paolo, The “Modernisation” of European Community Competition Law: Achieving Consistency in Enforcement, Part I, European Competition Law Review 2006, v. 27, n. 1, pp. 10-18
Gerber David and Cassinis Paolo, The “Modernisation” of European Community Competition Law: Achieving Consistency in Enforcement, Part II, European Competition Law Review 2006, v. 27, n. 2, pp. 51-57

Merger control

Baxter Simon, Dethmers Frances, Collective dominance under EC merger control: after Airtours and the introduction of unilateral effects is there still a future for collective dominance?, European Competition Law Review 2006, v. 27, n. 3, pp. 148-160
Killick James, The GE/Honeywell judgment: in reality another merger defeat for the Commission, European Competition Law Review 2007, v. 28, n. 1, pp. 52-62
Whish Richard, Reform of the EC Merger Regulation, paper 2004.

State aids

Berghofer Michael, The new de minimis regulation: enlarging the sword of Damocles?, European state aid law quarterly 2007, v. 6, n. 1, pp. 11-23
Braun Jens-Daniel, Kühling Jürgen, Article 87 EC and the Community courts: From revolution to evolution, Common Market Law Review 2008, v. 45, pp. 465-498

Competition v. Regulation

G. Monti, Managing the Intersection of Utilities Regulation and EC Competition Law, I LSE working papers, 2008
De Smet Dieter, The diametrically opposed principles of US and EU antitrust policy, European Competition Law Review 2008, v. 29, n. 6, pp. 356-362
D. Geradin, Limiting the scope of article 82 of the treaty. What can the Eu learn…?
Alexandre de Streel, The Relationship between Competition Law and Sector Specific Regulation: The case of electronic communications, 2008

Competition in times of crisis

Lowe P., Competition Policy and the Global Economic Crisis, in CPI, 2009.

1) Il processo d’ingerazione europa
• Storia
• Criteri di Maastricht e convergenza
• Isituzioni
2) Aree valutarie ottimali
• Costi della moneta unica
• Benefici della moneta unica
3) Il sistema monetario europeo
• Storia
• La crisi del 1992
• I modelli di crisi di valuaria di prima e seconda generazione
4) La Banca Centrale Europea
• Storia
• Obiettivi
• Strategia monetaria
• Regole monetary e deflazione
5) Il Patto di Stabilità e Crescita
• Storia
• Vincoli fiscali nella EU
• La teoria fiscal del livello dei prezzi e interazione con la politica monetaria
6) La crisi della zona euro
• Il contagio dagli USA
• Crisi del debito sovrano
• La risposta della Banca Centrale Europea alla crisi
• Austerità e Fiscal Compact
7) Il mercato unico: L’economia di base
• Dimensione del mercato ed effetti di scala
• Effetti sulla crescita
• Mercato del lavoro e flussi migratori in Europa
8) Il mercato unico europeo: temi avanzati
• Teorie di localizzazione
• Politiche di coesione e fondi strutturali
• Procurement
• Oligopolio
9) Riforme strutturali I: Crescita e politiche a favore della concorrenza e della flessibilità
• Beni e servizi
• Mercato del lavoro
10) Riforme strutturali II: Crescita, innovazione e capitale umano
• R&D
• Capitale umano e istruzione
11) La politica agricola comunitaria: dagli albori ad oggi.
12) Europa 2020 e Piano Nazionale di Riforma
• Obiettivi
• Aree d’intervento
• Strumenti
• Tempistica
• Valutazione

• Altomonte, Carlo and Nava, Mario (2006), Economics and Policies of an Enlarged Europe, Edward Elgar.
• Baldwin, Richard and Wyplosz, Charles (2012), The Economics of European Integration, 4th edition, McGraw Hill.
• Boeri, Tito, Castanheira, Micael, Faini, Riccardo and Galasso,Vincenzo, (2006), Structural Reforms without Prejudices, Oxford University Press.
• De Grauwe Paul (2009) Economics of Monetary Union, 8 th edition, Oxford University Press.
• Krugman Paul (1991) Geography and Trade, The MIT Press.
• Dispense delle lezioni
• Presentazioni delle lezioni
• Paper scientifici
• Documenti ufficiali dell’Unione Europea

Topics in International Finance: Exchange Rate Regimes. Currency Crises. Financial Crises. Sovereign and Public Debt Crises. The Subprime Crisis. Liquidity, Banks Leverage and the Macroeconomics. Topics in International Trade: Comparative Advantages and the New Economic Geography. Inequality, Globalization and Growth. Topics in European Economics: European Income Inequality. Regional Convergence Clubs. The EU Growth Dilemma and the Stability and Growth Pact. The EU Monetary and Fiscal Policy.

Materiali di studio relativo alle lezioni frontali e reading list predisposta dal docente disponibili sul sito del corso
https://sites.google.com/site/luisacorrado/pro/international-economics
Libri di testos uggeriti
Krugman Paul and Maurice Obstfeld (2003) International Economics: Theory and Policy. 6th ed. Boston, MA: Addison Wesley.

Baldwin Richard and Charles Wyplosz (2005) The Economics of European Integration, McGraw-Hill, UK.

De Grauwe Paul (2006)The Economics of Monetary Union,Oxford University Press.